Олимпиада по английскому языку 9–11 классы — заключительный этап ВсОШ 2023/2024: задания и ответы

Задания — письм.

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 1 из 8

Listening and Reading Time: 1 hour 15 minutes

LISTENING Task 1 For items 1-10 listen to a radio interview about Gaelic and decide whether the statements (1-10) are TRUE (A), or FALSE (B) according to the text you hear. You will hear the text ONLY ONCE. 1. Bradana is a common Gaelic name. A. True

B. False

2. The word “Celtic” refers to the language. A. True

B. False

3. “Bradana” means a type of fish. A. True

B. False

4. In the early 20th century there were more than 44,000 Gaelic-only speakers in Scotland. A. True B. False 5. The number of Gaelic speakers has risen since the 70s of the 20th century. A. True B. False 6. Gaelic is a medium of instruction in primary schools only. A. True B. False 7. There are NOT enough TV programmes in Gaelic. A. True B. False 8. Bradana’s organization is NOT going to invest in Gaelic language classes. A. True B. False 9. Bradana thinks languages are similar to animals. A. True B. False 10. Bradana says that losing a language means losing one’s identity. A. True B. False

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 2 из 8

Task 2 For items 11-15 listen to a conversation and answer the questions. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C) to answer questions 11-15. You will hear the text only ONCE. 11. What does Anita ask Erik to do at the beginning of the conversation? A. Give her the pitcher. B. Give his opinion on the presentation. C. Introduce himself. 12. What does Erik think of the last presentation? A. It met his expectations. B. It was unexpected. C. It was not as good as he thought. 13. Why does Anita mention a panel discussion? A. She wants to know Erik’s opinion about the discussion. B. She is disappointed with the discussion. C. She expected the discussion to happen before the break. 14. Where is Anita from? A. Copenhagen. B. Birmingham. C. Cambridge. 15. What is NOT TRUE according to the talk? A. Copenhagen is costly to reach. B. Erik is an only child in his family. C. There are fewer participants of the conference compared to the previous year.

INTEGRATED LISTENING AND READING Task 3

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 3 из 8

Read the text below, then listen to a talk on the same topic. You will notice that some ideas coincide and some differ in them. Answer questions 16-25 by choosing A if the idea is expressed in both materials, B if it can be found only in the reading text, C if it can be found only in the audio-recording, and D if neither of the materials expresses the idea. Now you have 10 minutes to read the text. Despite concerns about whether students are using ChatGPT to cheat on exams or as a shortcut to doing their coursework, a national survey shows students and teachers have quickly incorporated the new technology into their everyday lives. Laila Ayala, a student at Comp Sci High in New York City, has used ChatGPT to research prompts for her debate team on the effect of AI on students, student mental health and whether the SAT and ACT should be abolished. In Kentucky, high school junior Zachary Clifton said he has used ChatGPT to create study guides for some of the college courses he takes at a nearby community college. Some school districts ban the artificial intelligence platform – which can quickly answer questions about nearly any subject it’s asked – and some college professors find themselves becoming hypervigilant about whether students are using it to cheat. The new survey commissioned by the Walton Family Foundation (WFF) and conducted by Impact Research found 22% of students use the chatbot to help them with coursework or in extracurricular activities “on a weekly basis or more.” And more than half of teachers surveyed reported using ChatGPT at least once since its release. The survey, which was done in early February, also found 63% of students and 72% of teachers agreed with the sentiment that ChatGPT is “just another example of why we can’t keep doing things the old way for schools in the modern world,” and 73% of teachers said the tool “can help students learn more.” The WFF funds research and platforms that use AI to develop tools for educators and students. Other surveys, however, capture teachers’ apprehension about artificial intelligence. One survey by Study.com found that 43% “think ChatGPT will make their jobs more difficult,” and about 1 in 4 have caught a student using ChatGPT to cheat on assignments. Another survey by the online magazine Intelligent found 30% of college students used ChatGPT on written assignments, and 60% of that group used it on “more than half of their assignments.” “With this research we’re hoping to cast a light,” said Romy Drucker, a director of the education program at the WFF, adding that teachers and students should have a voice in how ChatGPT is used in their classrooms. Harried teachers are using the tool to help write emails to parents, create lesson plans and even devise math problems. “I think teachers are ahead of students in thinking

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 4 из 8

about how ChatGPT and AI can be both a support to teachers and something more,” Drucker said. Now listen to a talk made by a teacher and then do the tasks (questions 16-25), comparing the text above and the talk. You will hear the talk TWICE. 16. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence chat bot developed by OpenAI. 17. Local authorities have placed restrictions on the use of ChatGPT in schools. 18. Chat GPT can create math problems. 19. There are concerns related to students potentially using ChatGPT to cheat. 20. Teachers’ opinions on the use of AI in their workspace have been so far ignored. 21. ChatGPT developers seek ways for mutual work with instructors. 22. Some teachers are finding positive uses for ChatGPT in communicating with parents. 23. Recent surveys proved the necessity of AI regulation on the state level. 24 Relying on AI for all homework assignments is detrimental to students’ future success. 25 The educators believe that ChatGPT will complicate their professional life.

READING Task 4 Read the text and answer questions 26-40 below. Logofascination: Being Spellbound by Language Paul Anthony Jones on obscure words, language trivia, and etymological stories

Christmas morning. I must have been about seven years old. My grandparents had just arrived at our house and my family’s presents were all being excitedly exchanged. At last, they came to me, and my grandmother handed over something that seemed absolutely enormous. It was broad, flat, solid and extraordinarily heavy. With little clue about what to expect, I tore it open and found myself holding a hardback illustrated children’s edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 5 из 8

Most kids, I am sure, would have rolled their eyes in deprecation. Enthusiasm would have been feigned and the book would have been subtly placed to one side in favour of a Nintendo Game Boy (or whatever the gift of choice was in the early 90s). But for me – unlike them, nerdish, bookish, (26) … – this was, without doubt, a perfect gift. It’s fair to say I became obsessed with it. For the next day or two, I sat and read it, cover to cover, as you would a novel. I wrote down all the words I came across that I didn’t know, starred and highlighted all those I liked and made lists of all those that seemed truly bizarre to me in sound, shape or spelling: incognito, flummery, hullaballoo, canoodle. From school to university, my love of language grew until eventually I found myself on a Master’s linguistics course, studying the history and psychology of our language in more detail than ever before. It should have been unendingly fascinating – and yet I absolutely hated it. Towards the end of my course, it struck me that there had been something bleak about it. Everything I had loved about language was gone. It felt as if all the most interesting aspects of it were being kept behind glass, like rare artefacts in a museum that no one visits any more. I wanted to tell everyone about everything I was learning and discovering, but, instead, here it was, locked away in rooms and classrooms that only those who already found language interesting would ever think to enter. It was stifling and (27) … . I completed my Master’s course and told my tutor I’d had enough. However, that was a reset moment. I realised that what I truly enjoyed – and what I believed I excelled in – was taking what I had learned and repackaging it in such a way that anyone could appreciate it, and find our language and its origins as fascinating as I do. After all, just like art and sport and music, language is one of the few things found in every culture on the planet. I resolved to tap into that shared interest and open this wonderful subject up to everyone, (28) … of their background or academic experience. So I combined my two interests and began writing about words, their origins and language just for fun. Admittedly, there is an argument that rare and forgotten words are rare and forgotten for a reason. As such, they should remain little more than curios, dangling on the very fringes of our language, while the rest of us communicate using more understandable and familiar terms. From my linguistic perspective, it’s true that dropping a word like boun or hogamadog into a casual chat with friends isn’t exactly going to make the conversation flow and goes against the purpose of language as a tool for clear communication. Though I hope if these words hadn’t become obsolete, we would be still using them.

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 6 из 8

When I started out my first book, I was (29) … self-critical, and felt I wasn’t not taking my writing or research seriously as I didn’t fit the romanticized idea that all writers are forever carrying a notepad, jotting down ideas in coffee shops, and pouring over piles of books in libraries. I tried to be regimented but indeed, I found I’d start down one rabbit hole, unexpectedly stumble across something else and end up researching that instead. I got frustrated with myself for being flighty in how I work, but now I know this is how my brain works as I’m naturally butterfly-minded. At home, I have a big bookcase, full of old dictionaries and glossaries I’ve picked up over the years. I also have loads of old notebooks full of things I’ve jotted down. As well as the Internet, I use all these different resources in my research. I always crossreference the unfamiliar words I stumble across as the words I talk about need to be listed in at least two dictionaries, and both those dictionaries need to be lexicographically sound. It makes for much more rewarding research and raises the (30) … not only of your work but of the genre as a whole. So random books with titles like 1001 Weird Words You Never Knew Existed are unlikely to fit my brief. I’ll give you an example. Several times a month I get a message asking me where the word sonder comes from. People like to imagine it’s some Old English term, or some ancient French borrowing. However, the truth is it was made up by a blogger named John Koenig in 2013, for a website dedicated to invented words. It’s undoubtedly a great word – but it’s a great word by design and not what I’m interested in. From my perspective, as a writer and blogger keen to expound my love of language, offering up now and then a juicy linguistic morsel, like hogamadog or any other forgotten word, is a great way of piquing a reader’s curiosity in the field. This may encourage further study and be used as a gateway to explain some wonderful etymological connection, or some complex linguistic phenomenon, that might otherwise be too dry or obscure to be appreciated out of context. It’s also just a great word, of course. Seven-year-old me would have loved it.

Questions 26-30 In some of the paragraphs a word is missing. These words in a DIFFERENT WORD FORM are listed below: fury over regard

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 7 из 8

rely study DERIVE NEW WORDS from the given words to fill in the gaps 26-30.

Questions 31-35 Are the statements 31-35 true, false or not given? If a statement is true, circle A on your answer sheet. If it is false, circle B on your answer sheet. If it is not given, circle C on your answer sheet.

31. As an unfledged writer, Paul worked in a disciplined and orderly manner. 32. On receiving his Christmas gift, Paul tried to memorize the new words he found. 33. Paul uses printed and electronic media in his scholarly work. 34. Neologisms are part of Paul’s area of expertise and research. 35. Paul believes that using archaic words may spark a reader’s interest in linguistics.

Questions 36-40 For questions 36-40 choose one answer A, B, C or D which best fits according to the text.

36)

To Paul’s peers getting a dictionary for Christmas would have been

A) a perfect and long-awaited present. B) an unanticipated and welcome gift. C) an unwanted and unwelcome present. D) a well-chosen and appreciated gift. 37)

While doing a postgraduate course at university Paul

A) felt frustrated and unable to share his passion for languages; B) believed that language learning was for the privileged; C) regretted the choice of his major course for study; D) treated studying linguistics like a precious relic. 38)

On completing his Master’s degree, Paul decided

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 8 из 8

A) to further excel in studying words’ etymology; B) to write about the words all languages shared; C) to prove that linguistics was similar to sport and music; D) to make linguistics accessible to all people. 39) Paul admits that using archaic words in everyday speech A) will make them more widely used in the future; B) may affect the speaker’s fluency and coherence; C) should be completely avoided by everybody; D) may hinder the communication process. 40) When coming across a new and interesting word, Paul A) studies it relying entirely on online lexicographical sources; B) double-checks it using reliable sources; C) surfs random Internet blogs dedicated to new words; D) tries to detect and research its genuine source. TRANSFER ALL YOUR ANSWERS TO YOUR ANSWER SHEET

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 1 из 8

Use of English Time: 1 hour 15 minutes Task 1 For items 1-10, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick on your answer sheet. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word on your answer sheet. There are two examples at the beginning (0 and 00).

00

most

The town of Fairbanks, located at 65 degrees north latitude, celebrated its centennial in 2003.

00

It is the most largest city in the interior region of Alaska and the second largest in the state.

Unless you have not decided to drive up the Alaska and Richardson Highways, you will fly straight to Fairbanks, where you’ll be able to enjoy authentic Alaskan activities and attractions. Fairbanks offers the clearest view of the northern lights, and the museum at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks is one of the best everywhere in the state. Be prepared to do something you will not expect in larger towns, though. You will have to handle your own luggage as there are no any porter services at the airport. Taxis are plentiful and there is even a limousine service (although it is more likely to be a van). While an estimated 30,700 people call Fairbanks home, a few people visit the town in winter, only if they absolutely have to, because of the exceptionally harsh weather conditions. Temperatures plummet to -40C or even lower for days or weeks at a time, and a rather unpleasant effect of such temperatures is ice fog, which hangs over in the still air. On top of that, on the winter solstice, Fairbanks gets just 3 hours and 42 minutes of sunlight. So, welcome to Fairbanks in summer. Once you are settled in your hotel, head for the Fairbanks Convention and Visitor Bureau, which offers hundreds of

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 2 из 8

brochures on Alaskan attractions including a brochure for a self-guided tour of the town. 7

10

Here you will notice the monument to E.T. Barnette, marking the place where the town was born. Here, too, is the obelisk that marks Milepost 1,523 of the Alaska Highway. The milepost is hidden behind all posing tourists most of the summer. Several commercial sightseeing tours of Fairbanks’ downtown and area are available but one good way to see the center of the town is to turn right across the Cushman Street Bridge pausing for a look at the Chena River. The Immaculate Conception Church stands directly across the river from the Information Center. The church has originally stood on the opposite side of the river at the corner of First and Dunkle. Visitors are most welcome to come inside and enjoy the stained-glass windows and pressed-tin ceiling paneling. Half a block north on the opposite side of the street is the Fairbanks Daily News Miner building. The first paper was published on May 9, 1903, and all seven copies having sold for $5 each, making the first edition one of the most expensive in the world. The publisher financed climbing Mount McKinley – the first group expedition to ever make such an attempt. Task 2

For items 11 – 20, supply a rhyming phrase, using the provided definition. The first example (0) is done for you. The number of letters in each word is specified. Example: 0. A powerful pair of pajamas – a mighty nighty (6 letters + 6 letters) 11. a container for smoked salmon - ………… (3 letters + 3 letters) 12. a fat fish - …………… (5 letters + 5 letters) 13. a bashful insect - ………. (3 letters + 3 letters) 14. a minor car accident - ……………. (6 letters + 6 letters) 15. a sugary refreshment - …………… (5 letters + 5 letters) 16. a supervisor in a bad mood - ………………… (5 letters + 4 letters) 17. a cozy carpet - ………………. (4 letters + 3 letters) 18. a strange-looking goatee - …………… (5 letters + 5 letters) 19. cerebral overwork - ……………. (5 letters + 6 letters) 20. a helpful instruction - ………….. (9 letters + 9 letters) Task 3 For items 21 - 30 fill in the gaps with the appropriate name of a plant from the box to complete the correct idiom. There are extra words that you do not

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 3 из 8

need. Use the given definitions in brackets as hints. The first example (0) is done for you.

carnation, chestnut, daffodil, daisy, flower, grapevine, grass, lily, nettle, oak, poppy, primrose, reed, roots, rose, tulips, seeds, violet

Example: 0 - In London, we’re looking for a location to put down … (to begin to have a settled life in a certain place). – roots 21. She was a completely different character when she went on the podium to speak, ignoring the fact that we assumed she was a shrinking … (a person who is unrealistic, shy and nervous). 22. Whether there is truth in it or not, I cannot stand that old … “follow your heart” (a topic, saying, or joke that has been repeated so much that it has become boring or irksome). 23. You look radiant, as always – wearing such an extravagant gown is just too much – you just gilt the … (to further adorn something that is already beautiful). 24. There is always some absurd rumor or piece of misinformation through the … (via an informal means of communication or information, especially gossip) at work, but I try to just tune most of that out. 25. The government will have to grasp the … (to approach or begin a difficult or unpleasant task directly and with the appropriate amount of energy). If they don’t, the traffic congestion is going to get out of control. 26. I thought I could count on my best friend for support during this difficult time, but she proved to be a broken … (an unreliable or unsupportive person) and never returned my calls. 27. As president, keeping one's tax information under the … (privately, confidentially, or in secret) is not illegal, but it is widely seen as ethically questionable. 28. Mark doesn’t look well. He has let himself go to … (deteriorate, largely as a consequence of negligence). He must be fifty pounds overweight. He was dressed like a slob. He was unshaven and his hair really needed cutting.

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 4 из 8

29. After winning the lottery, Jake found himself surrounded by people trying to lead him down the … path (a life of pleasure and leisure that results in a negative or detrimental outcome) for their own benefit. 30. “She may be a tall … (one who has a lot of wealth, fame, or social prominence), as you describe her, but she never flaunts her wealth or treats others with disrespect”. Task 4 For items 31 - 40, match each numbered quote with the famous person it belongs to, choosing the correct letter from the box. There are 5 extra options in the box you do not have to use. The first example (0) has been done for you.

A. Abraham Lincoln B. Anne, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland C. Edward VIII D. Elizabeth I E. Elizabeth II F. Franklin D. Roosevelt G. George VI H. John Hancock I. John F. Kennedy J. Margaret Thatcher K. Mary Stuart L. Patrick Henry M. Ronald Reagan

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 5 из 8 N. Theodore Roosevelt O. Winston Churchill P. George Washington

0. _______ …Why quit our own to stand upon foreign ground? Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor or caprice? …The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible… 0. P

31. _____________ I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm; to which rather than any dishonour shall grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field. 32. ____________ The future doesn’t belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave. We will always remember them, these skilled professionals, scientists and adventurers, these artists and teachers, and we will cherish each of their stories – stories of true American heroes. We think back to the pioneers of an earlier century, and the sturdy souls who took their families and the belongings and set out into the frontier of the American West. Along the Oregon Trail you can still see the grave markers of those who fell on the way. Today, the frontier is space. Man will continue his conquest of space. To reach out for new goals and ever greater achievements – that is the way we shall commemorate our seven Challenger heroes.

33. __________

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 6 из 8

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. … It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom…

34. ___________ Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender…

35. ____________ You all know the reasons which have impelled me to renounce the throne. But I want you to understand that in making up my mind I did not forget the country or the empire, which, as Prince of Wales and lately as King, I have for twenty-five years tried to serve. But you must believe me when I tell you that I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility and to discharge my duties as King as I would wish to do without the help and support of the woman I love. And I want you to know that the decision I have made has been mine and mine alone. This was a thing I had to judge entirely for myself.

36. ___________ …Has Great Britain any enemy, in this quarter of the world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none. They are meant for us… Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. If we wish to be free…. It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, "Peace! Peace!" -- but there is no

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 7 из 8

peace. The war is actually begun! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!

37. _________ …So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself …. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days. In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. Values have shrunken to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen… the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone…. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.

38. ___________ …And finally, the space effort itself, while still in its infancy, has already created a great number of new companies, and tens of thousands of new jobs. Space and related industries are generating new demands in investment and skilled personnel, and this city and this state, and this region, will share greatly in this growth. What was once the furthest outpost on the old frontier of the West will be the furthest outpost on the new frontier of science and space. Houston, your city of Houston, with its Manned Spacecraft Center, will become the heart of a large scientific and engineering community…

39. __________ I hope in the years to come everyone will be able to take pride in how they responded to this challenge. And those who come after us will say the Britons of this generation were as strong as any…The pride in who we are is not a part of our past, it defines our present and our future…It reminds me of the very first broadcast I made, helped by my sister. We, as children, spoke from here at Windsor to children who had been evacuated from their homes and sent away for their own safety. Today, once again, many will feel a painful sense of separation from their loved ones…We should take comfort that while we may have more still to endure, better days will return: we will be with our friends again; we will be with our families again; we will meet again…

40. ____________

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап стр. 8 из 8

There is a homely adage which runs ‘Speak softly and carry a big stick – you will go far.’ If the American nation will speak softly, and yet keep at a pitch of the highest training a thoroughly efficient navy, the Monroe Doctrine will go far. TRANSFER ALL YOUR ANSWERS TO YOUR ANSWER SHEET

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. заключительный этап

Writing Time: 1 hour 15 minutes

An English language magazine invites young people to participate in a writing competition. The participant must write a parable – an allegorical story with a moral purpose – which is based on the following premise: A young man sets forth on his ship to see the world. He visits three islands and finally returns to his homeland. The life on each of the islands is best characterised by one of the following idioms: − a slack master, − a smart alec, − crooked as a dog’s hind leg. You decide to take part and submit your own story. Your parable must have a title, direct speech, and include all three of the suggested idioms. The description of the islands should reveal the meaning of the idioms. Write 250–300 words.

Задания — устн. set 1

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. Заключительный этап

Карточка участника Speaking Set 1 Student 1 Preparation – 15 minutes Presentation and questions – 10 minutes Task 1 Great Archeological Findings 1. Monologue: Time 3 – 4 minutes, depending on the duration of a video clip. You are to present a video tour of one of the most famous World Heritage Sites, Set 1 STUDENT 1: Stonehenge as a guide to your fellow students. Your task is to encourage them to participate as volunteers in an archeological excavation project. Use the fact file to speak about the site’s: History of Discovery Significant Details of Construction period Interesting Facts The Purpose of Construction Explain why archeological expeditions are important and need to be studied. Synchronize your presentation with the video. 2. Questions/ Answers: Time: 2- 3 minutes. Answer 2 QUESTIONS from your partner – ‘a fellow student’. Make sure your answer is based on the information from the fact file. If there is NO relevant information in the fact file, base your answer on your best guess. You can make notes during the preparation time, but YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO READ them during the presentation. Task 2 1. Listen to the presentation of your partner (Set 2 STUDENT 2: Terracotta Army). 2. Questions/ Answers: Time: 2- 3 minutes Ask 2 QUESTIONS about the site to get ADDITIONAL INFORMATION not mentioned in the presentation. You should only use wh-questions (special questions). Questions about the opinion of your partner are NOT accepted. YOUR ANSWERS WILL BE RECORDED

STONEHENGE История обнаружения

Описание и датировка создания

Первые задокументированные раскопки начались в 1620 году. Существует много мнений о том, кто строил Стоунхендж: римляне, викинги, саксы, кельты. Антиквар Джон Обри пришел к выводу, что он был построен не римлянами, как считал английский архитектор Иниго Джонс, а скорее всего местными жителями, для друидов. Теория о том, что Стоунхендж — это ритуальный объект, созданный кельтскими священниками-друидами, звучала убедительно. Однако в Англию кельты пришли только через 1000 лет с момента, когда были начаты первые работы по сооружению каменного комплекса. Этот факт не помешал кельтам веками использовать это место для религиозных ритуалов. Загадочный древний доисторический памятник, состоящий из огромных каменных блоков (82 мегалита по 5 тонн, 30 сарсеновых блоков по 25 тонн, 5 трилитов из 3-х камней по 50 тонн каждый) в долине Солсбери графства Уилтшир севера Англии, окутан тайной своего происхождения. Его угрюмые серые камни сарсены (sarsens), составляющие разрушенную ныне структуру, существовали в качестве неотъемлемой части ландшафта Уэссекса тысячи лет. Их история уходит в прошлые времена, не сохранившиеся в памяти человека. Возраст Стоунхенджа вызывает много вопросов и дискуссий среди ученых. Мегалитический комплекс начали сооружать между 3020 и 2910 гг. до н.э. Древние люди начали рыть двухметровые рвы для формирования внешней границы объекта. Каменные глыбы устанавливали примерно в 2440-2100 гг. до н.э. Окончательный вид ансамбль приобрел примерно к 1500 г. до н.э. Весь процесс создания комплекса занял около 1,5 тысяч лет.

Интересные факты

Стоунхендж состоит из крупных вертикальных камней, известных как мегалиты, которые поддерживают горизонтальные камни, образуя кольцо. Они расположены таким образом, что восход солнца в день летнего солнцестояния происходит точно в некоторых выделенных местах внутри круга. Каким образом люди того времени смогли так точно размещать такие огромные каменные блоки - до сих пор остается загадкой. В средние века существовала легенда, гласившая, что Стоунхендж воздвигли великаны по приказу волшебника Мерлина, и якобы это гробница для британских дворян, убитых саксами.

Предназначение

Причина создания Стоунхенджа до сих пор остается загадкой. Существует множество теорий: место для религиозных обрядов, календарь, место для поклонения солнцу или другим божествам. Согласно самой распространенной версии, Стоунхендж связан с движением солнца. Такие храмовые комплексы были местом почитания предков и празднования важных событий. В центре системы верований было Солнце. Согласно историкам, Стоунхендж был местом захоронений. Свидетельств о том, что люди здесь жили, не существует. В наши дни многие неодруиды и неоязычники следуют их примеру и приезжают в Солсбери в дни солнцестояния или других значимых астрономических явлений.

Задания — устн. set 2

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников по английскому языку 2024 г. Заключительный этап

Карточка участника Speaking Set 2 Student 2 Preparation – 15 minutes Presentation and questions – 10 minutes Task 1 Great Archeological Findings 1. Listen to the presentation of your partner (Set 1 STUDENT 1: Stonehenge). 2. Questions/ Answers: Time: 2- 3 minutes Ask 2 QUESTIONS about the site to get ADDITIONAL INFORMATION not mentioned in the presentation. You should only use wh-questions (special questions). Questions about the opinion of your partner are NOT accepted. Task 2 1. Monologue: Time 3 – 4 minutes, depending on the duration of a video clip. You are to present a video tour of one of the most famous World Heritage Sites, Set 2 STUDENT 2: Terracotta Army as a guide to your fellow students. Your task is to encourage them to participate as volunteers in an archeological excavation project. Use the fact file to speak about the site’s: History of Discovery Significant Details of Construction period Interesting Facts The Purpose of Construction Explain why archeological expeditions are important and need to be studied. Synchronize your presentation with the video. 2. Questions/ Answers: Time: 2- 3 minutes. Answer 2 QUESTIONS from your partner – ‘a fellow student’. Make sure your answer is based on the information from the fact file. If there is NO relevant information in the fact file, base your answer on your best guess. You can make notes during the preparation time, but YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO READ them during the presentation. YOUR ANSWERS WILL BE RECORDED

Terracotta Army История обнаружения

Терракотовая армия - невероятная археологическая находка терракотовых статуй солдат и коней в полный реальный рост. Терракотовая армия была обнаружена в 1974 году в городе Сиань, провинции Шаньси, Китай. Группа крестьян случайно наткнулась на множество странных глиняных черепков, когда копала колодец. В ходе начавшихся археологических раскопок были найдены древние глиняные статуи воинов. Это удивительное археологическое открытие терракотовой армии императора Цинь Шихуанди с течением времени стало одним из самых впечатляющих артефактов древнего Китая. Раскопки проходили в 3 этапа: 1974 -1984; 1985 – 1986 и с 2009 по сей день.

Описание и датировка сооружения и создания

Терракотовая армия - 8 099 воинов из обожженной терракотовой глины оранжевого цвета, коней и военного обмундирования и приспособлений. Воины расположены в 3 ряда на расстоянии 1,5 км на восток от гробницы первого императора Китая, Цинь Шихуанди. Создание терракотовой армии пришлось на период династии Цин (221-206 гг. до н.э.). Терракотовая армия служила защитой могилы императора и представляла его имперские войска.

Интересные факты

Каждая статуя воина имеет свою уникальную позу, выражение лица, прическу и детали боевого обмундирования. Уникальность лиц указывает на то, что моделями послужили реальные люди. Их рост около 2 метров для устрашения врагов. Каждый солдат имел собственный знак по рангу и принадлежности к отряду. Воины и лошади были изготовлены в разных местах, вес лошадей - 200 кг, воинов – 135 кг. Помимо воинов обнаружены статуи чиновников, музыкантов и акробатов. Найдены сотни боевых бронзовых колесниц с элементами из меди и золота. На вооружении у китайской армии были и деревянные колесницы, но они не сохранились. Терракотовая армия создана для императора Цин Шихуанди, чтобы обеспечить его защиту армией в загробной жизни. Это ритуальное сооружение имитировало мощь и величие императора и его государства. Сегодня терракотовая армия туристическая достопримечательность и символ исторического наследия Китая, привлекающая множество посетителей в комплекс музея с 3 павильонами, в которых продолжаются раскопки.

Предназначение