Олимпиада по английскому языку 9–11 классы — школьный этап ВсОШ 2026/2027: задания и ответы

Решения

ВСЕРОССИЙСКАЯ ОЛИМПИАДА ШКОЛЬНИКОВ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. 2026–2027 уч. г. ШКОЛЬНЫЙ ЭТАП. 9–11 КЛАССЫ ОТВЕТЫ Максимальный балл за работу – 50. LISTENING Time: 15 minutes (15 points) Listen to an extract from a radio programme about the animals we are closely related to and do tasks 1–15. You will hear the text twice. Listen to the text for the first time and answer questions 1–6. Задание 1. According to the speaker, when did the ancestors of humans and the ancestors of cats and dogs last share a common ancestor? A) 55 million years ago. B) 90–95 million years ago. C) 100 million years ago. D) 5 million years ago. Задание 2. Which of the following animals are cats and dogs more closely related to than to humans? A) Colugos and tree shrews. B) Rabbits, rats, and mice. C) Pangolins, horses, cows, whales, bats, shrews, and moles. D) Primates. Задание 3. Why might cats be a better model than dogs for studying human gene regulation? A) Because cats are more cooperative in research. B) Because their genome organization is closer to humans'. C) Because they have more chromosomes. D) Because they live longer. Задание 4. Which disease is mentioned in the article as occurring in both humans and cats? A) Alzheimer’s disease. B) Polycystic kidney disease. C) Idiopathic epilepsy. D) Heart disease.

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников. Английский язык. 2026–2027 уч. г. Школьный этап. 9–11 классы. Ответы

Задание 5. What does the article suggest about the gene FBXW7? A) It is only found in cats. B) Mutations in this gene are linked to worse outcomes in breast cancer in humans and were found in feline tumors. C) It causes Alzheimer’s disease. D) It is responsible for eye disease in dogs. Задание 6. According to the article, why has more research historically focused on dogs than on cats? A) Dogs have a larger brain. B) The canine genome was sequenced earlier, and dogs are seen as more cooperative. C) Cats are more expensive to keep in labs. D) Dogs have more genetic diseases. Listen to the text for the second time and answer questions 7–15. Задание 7. Cats and dogs make up one-third of all pet ownership worldwide. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 8. Mark Springer, teaches ecology and organismal biology at the University of California. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 9. From an evolutionary perspective, humans are more closely related to cats than to dogs. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 10. The order Carnivora includes cats, dogs and some other mammals. A) True B) False C) Not stated

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников. Английский язык. 2026–2027 уч. г. Школьный этап. 9–11 классы. Ответы

Задание 11. The ancestors of modern-day dogs went through extensive chromosome rearrangements over evolutionary time. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 12. Cats have a genome organization that is closer to that of humans than dogs do. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 13. The article states that treatments for polycystic kidney disease in cats could help inform therapies for people. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 14. Dogs are never used to model human illnesses. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 15. The article mentions that cats are generally perceived as more cooperative than dogs in research settings. A) True B) False C) Not stated

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников. Английский язык. 2026–2027 уч. г. Школьный этап. 9–11 классы. Ответы

READING Time: 30 minutes (10 points) Read an article about the intricate songs of the small, leaping primates on an Indonesian island and do tasks 16–25. 'Yoda' primates sing duets like opera stars Tiny, monkeylike creatures called tarsiers sing duets together in the style of opera singers — but those who fail to hit the high notes may also flop at attracting mates, scientists recently suggested. With their large, pointed ears and expressive eyes, nocturnal tarsiers carry a striking resemblance to the diminutive Jedi master Yoda from "Star Wars" films. But while Yoda never demonstrated any operatic ability, tarsiers are energetic singers who may exert themselves vocally as a form of mating selection or to signal to each other that it's time for all members of a troop to gather together to sleep, according to a new study. To learn more about these vocal performances, scientists eavesdropped on tarsiers in Tangkoko National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia in July and August 2018, and captured 50 recordings of 14 pairs of Gursky’s spectral tarsiers (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae) singing their morning duets. Researchers from Sam Ratulangi University in Sulawesi and Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, used machine learning to distinguish and classify notes and musical phrases in the tarsiers' songs. Their findings, published Aug. 2 in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, suggest that these performances are so taxing that not all tarsiers can hit the fast and high notes and duet proficiently. Measuring just 3.5 to 6 inches (9 to 15 centimeters) tall and weighing no more than 7 ounces (200 grams), Gursky’s spectral tarsiers live only on Sulawesi, an Indonesian island east of Borneo. They were described as a separate species from other tarsiers in 2017 and are classified as vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. About 13 species of tarsiers inhabit islands in Southeast Asia. The researchers captured the tarsiers' duets using a handheld digital recorder and autonomous recording devices that were installed in the tarsiers' jungle habitats. "Tarsiers are one of the easier duetting primates to record and study, at least in Tangkoko National Park, as they have small home ranges and seem to duet most mornings," said senior study author Dena Clink, a researcher at Cornell’s K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics. "They are not afraid of humans, so we were able to get high-quality recordings relatively easily." When the scientists analyzed the intricate duets, which were performed between male and female tarsiers, they found that the performances resembled coloratura — a singing style that produces many notes very rapidly and that’s used by opera singers during arias to showcase their control and virtuosity. 4

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников. Английский язык. 2026–2027 уч. г. Школьный этап. 9–11 классы. Ответы

"The duets exhibit acoustic trade-offs in note rate and note bandwidth — the range of frequencies within a note," said Isabel Comella, lead study author and a researcher at the K. Lisa Yang Center. The tarsiers that sing more slowly do so with the widest range of frequencies within a note, while the tarsiers that repeat notes more quickly only appear capable of a narrower range of frequencies within a note, Comella told Live Science in an email. Only a minority manage both simultaneously. The authors hypothesize that rapidly singing notes containing a broad range of frequencies during a duet may be more physiologically and neurologically taxing for the singer, with only physically fit individuals able to do so. Exactly why tarsiers duet in such a complex and physically taxing way is unknown, largely because the animals are rarely studied. Other primates are known to sing duets, including a type of lemur called the indri (Indri indri), titi monkeys in the Callicebus genus, and northern gray gibbons (Hylobates funereus), according to the authors. Prior studies into primate duets suggest that this behavior may be used for finding or guarding a mate, defending territory or strengthening social bonds, though further research is required to determine exactly why tarsiers are performing these duets, the study authors reported. However, one possibility for the Sulawesi tarsiers is that their duetting could be linked to organization of their social groups. Tarsiers often forage alone at night for insects, and then reunite in the morning to sleep, and they may sing together at night "as a way to bring all group members to the same sleep tree," a function that is not seen in other duetting primates, Comella said. It could be a unique behavior to the tarsiers in Sulawesi, according to the authors. Tarsiers in the Philippines and Borneo are more solitary and don’t engage in duets as regularly. Though Gursky’s spectral tarsiers sing their duets in the range of human hearing, the primates also vocalize in the ultrasonic range, which researchers are currently investigating. “We hope that with the advent of low-cost autonomous recording units and even smartphones we can start to learn more about the vocal behavior of tarsiers across Sulawesi," Clink said. Задание 16. What do tarsiers look like, according to the article? A) They look like small bears. B) They resemble the Jedi master Yoda. C) They look like ordinary monkeys. D) They are similar to squirrels. Задание 17. Why do tarsiers sing duets, as suggested in the study? A) To scare away predators. B) To signal to each other that it’s time to find some food. C) As a way to attract prospective partners. D) To communicate with humans.

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников. Английский язык. 2026–2027 уч. г. Школьный этап. 9–11 классы. Ответы

Задание 18. What technology did the scientists use to analyze the tarsiers' songs? A) Simple tape recorders. B) Machine learning. C) Telescopes. D) X-ray machines. Задание 19. What is special about the singing style of tarsiers? A) It is very slow and quiet. B) It resembles a complex operatic style. C) They only sing one note. D) They sing only at night. Задание 20. The study was conducted in a national park in the Philippines. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 21. All tarsiers are capable of singing both very fast and with a wide range of notes. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 22. Gursky’s spectral tarsiers are found only on the island of Sulawesi. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 23. There are 12 other species of tarsiers inhabiting Sulawesi. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 24. The researchers believe that singing duets may be physically demanding for tarsiers. A) True B) False C) Not stated Задание 25. The researchers are currently investigating ultrasonic sounds produced by tarsiers in Sulawesi. A) True B) False C) Not stated 6

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников. Английский язык. 2026–2027 уч. г. Школьный этап. 9–11 классы. Ответы

USE OF ENGLISH Time: 45 minutes (25 points) Задание 26. Task 1 (8 points) For items 1–8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a new word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0 APPROXIMATELY A chunky digital cat is here to help you stop doomscrolling Cat Gatekeeper plops an adorable, orange tabby on your screen when it's time to go touch grass. Every day, the average American spends nearly 2.5 hours scrolling through social media. Cats, on the other hand, waste (0) ___________ no time on the internet. Which species generally APPROXIMATE appears less stressed and anxious? Sure, this may not be the most (1) ___________ analysis about SCIENCE mental health and screen time, but it’s never a bad idea to try limiting the amount of idle time wasted in front of a computer or smartphone. And while there are plenty of apps and devices promising to reduce your social media (2) ___________, their CONSUME results are often (3) ___________ and many require EVEN (4) ___________ fees. Knowing this, a developer in Japan COST released a completely free Chrome browser (5) ___________ EXTEND designed to throttle your doomscrolling. Their secret weapon is Cat Gatekeeper. “You know that cat who always shows up right when you’re trying to work? We’ve (6) ___________ that classic cat-owner CREATE experience in your browser,” the creators explain on its description page. “Let’s face it—humans are just (7) ___________ to their cats. We are powerless against their SERVE charm… Let their (8) ___________ heal you while you take a ADORE proper break.”

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников. Английский язык. 2026–2027 уч. г. Школьный этап. 9–11 классы. Ответы

Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Answer SCIENTIFIC / SCIENTIFICAL CONSUMPTION UNEVEN COSTLY EXTENSION RECREATED SERVANTS / SUBSERVIENT / SERVILE ADORABLENESS / ADORABILITY / ADORATION

Задание 27. Task 2 (6 points) For items 1–6, read the text further and for each gap unscramble the word given in CAPITAL LETTERS. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 POPULAR Cat Gatekeeper currently works with some of the most (0) ___________ (POLARUP) timewasters like TikTok and VK. The timer is customizable, but its (1) ___________ (FAULTED) setting allots a (generous) 60 minutes of social media frivolity. After overstepping your time limit, the screen is suddenly hijacked by a very hefty tabby who promptly plops down in front of your browser (2) ___________ (OWNWID) for five minutes, preventing you from accessing your feed. After your respite, the (3) ___________ (TAILIGD) feline presumably moves on to their next distraction, thus letting you return to posting. Pretty simple stuff. However, there is some leeway to Cat Gatekeeper. The (4) ___________ (MERIT) resets if you swap over to another website tab, and it’s exclusively designed for the preset social media (5) ___________ (SALTPROMF). If that sounds like an easy way to (6) ___________ (TEACH) the system—well, cats can’t do everything for us, can they? Item 1 2 3 4 5 6

Answer DEFAULT WINDOW DIGITAL TIMER PLATFORMS CHEAT

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников. Английский язык. 2026–2027 уч. г. Школьный этап. 9–11 классы. Ответы

Задание 28. Task 3 (5 points) For items 1–5, read the article up to the end and find 5 misspelled words and spell them correctly. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 1 2 3 4 5

TRUSTWORTHY STANDPOINT DATA TRACK SHOT DEPENDENCY

Cat Gatekeeper looks trastworthy from a security standpaint, too. The free extension doesn’t feature ads, and promises that “no date is collected or transmitted externally.” An independent review on Reddit also provided Cat Gatekeeper’s source code, which only needs local storage permission to truck its own settings. At any rate, it’s worth giving it a shoot. Cat Gatekeeper may not solve your social media dependancy, but it might at least force you to break up with a brief “cat nap,” so to speak. Task 4 (6 points) For items 29–34, think of one word that fits all the three sentences. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 bat Example 0. A) Anyone can tell that he's blind as a ____, but he won’t wear glasses. B) He used a _____ to hit the ball. C) The old lady has ___s in the belfry. Задание 29. A) Before the exam, we were running around like headless ____. B) He ignored the warnings for years, and now the ____ have come home to roost. C) He is going to ask her out, unless he ____ out at the last moment. Задание 30. A) He’s a big ___ in a small pond in his hometown. B) He’s a nice guy, but a bit of a cold ___. C) I can drive a car, but a truck is a different kettle of ___. 9

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников. Английский язык. 2026–2027 уч. г. Школьный этап. 9–11 классы. Ответы

Задание 31. A) The new law looks strict, but it’s just a paper ___. B) She walked into the exam with the eye of the ___. C) Once he joined the project, he had to ride the ___ to the end. Задание 32. A) After traveling across Asia, he felt he’d really seen the ___. B) We need to talk about the ___ in the room — the company’s financial problems. C) The old mansion is a white ___ — it costs a fortune to maintain. Задание 33. A) The scammer saw him as an easy ___. B) In that debate, he was a real clay ___ for the press. C) No one trusted him after he turned stool ___ and gave evidence against his friends. Задание 34. A) Sean never acts the ___—he's always serious. B) That guy just gets my ___ every time he opens his mouth. C) His unhappy childhood was the ___ he used to rationalize every failure and shortcoming. Item 29 30 31 32 33 34

Answer CHICKENS FISH TIGER ELEPHANT PIGEON GOAT

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Решения — текст

ВСЕРОССИЙСКАЯ ОЛИМПИАДА ШКОЛЬНИКОВ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. 2026–2027 уч. г. ШКОЛЬНЫЙ ЭТАП. 9–11 КЛАССЫ ТЕКСТ ДЛЯ АУДИРОВАНИЯ Audioscript Listening comprehension Listen to an extract from a radio programme about the animals we are closely related to and do tasks 1-15. You will hear the text twice. Listen to the text for the first time and answer questions 1-6. You now have 30 seconds to look through the questions. PAUSE 30 SECONDS Now we begin. Are we more closely related to cats or dogs? They sleep on our beds, steal our food, and generally rule the house. Between them, cats and dogs make up two-thirds of pet ownership worldwide. But which of the two companion animals are we more closely related to? The answer depends on how you look at the question. "From an evolutionary perspective we are equally related to dogs and cats," Mark Springer, a professor emeritus of evolution, ecology and organismal biology at the University of California, Riverside, told Live Science in an email. Cats, dogs and humans are all mammals. In the mammalian family tree, which maps out how different mammal species are related to one another, both cats and dogs belong to the order Carnivora, while humans are primates. These two groups split from a common ancestor about 90 million to 95 million years ago, Springer said. Meanwhile, cats and dogs split from each other much later, around 55 million years ago. In terms of common ancestry, "dogs and cats are more closely related to mammals such as pangolins, horses, cows, whales, bats, shrews and moles than they are to humans," Springer said. And "humans are more closely related to colugos [flying lemurs], tree shrews, rabbits, rats, and mice than they are to cats and dogs." Another way of deciding which species we are more closely related to is through a genetic lens. If you measure how much the DNA code has changed over time, humans are about equally related to cats and dogs, William Murphy, a comparative genomicist at Texas A&M University, told Live Science in an email. However, scientists also compare how DNA strands are organized within chromosomes. Here, a difference emerges. Murphy explained that the ancestors of modern-day dogs went through extensive chromosome rearrangements over evolutionary time. (Such rearrangements are not unique to dogs; they occur across different animal and plant species, though

Всероссийская олимпиада школьников. Английский язык. 2026–2027 уч. г. Школьный этап. 9–11 классы. Текст для аудирования

scientists don't fully understand why some lineages rearrange faster than others.) Cats, on the other hand, retained a genome organization that's closer to ours. "In terms of how genes are arranged within chromosomes, humans and cats are twice as similar to each other as humans are to dogs," he said. Because the way DNA is organized affects how genes are switched on and off, cats may be a better model than dogs for understanding human gene regulation, Murphy said. That also makes them useful for studying genetic diseases. For example, polycystic kidney disease occurs in both humans and cats, and treatments developed for cats could help inform therapies for people. Cats may also provide clues about cancer. A recent study found that cancerrelated genes in cats are strikingly similar to those in humans, both in number and variety. One notable example involves a gene called FBXW7, which was mutated in more than half of the feline mammary tumors studied. In humans, mutations in the same gene are linked to worse outcomes in breast cancer. That said, dogs are also used to model and analyze human illness, including Alzheimer’s disease, idiopathic epilepsy, eye disease and heart disease. Although cats may share more similarities with humans in gene regulation, to date more research has focused on dogs. This may be due in part to the fact that the complete feline genome became available later than the canine genome, as well as historical bias — cats have long been perceived as less cooperative in research settings. So, which are we more closely related to? From an evolutionary standpoint, it's a tie, but genetically, at least in terms of genome structure, we are closer to cats. You have 30 seconds to check your answers. PAUSE 30 SECONDS Listen to the text for the second time and answer questions 7-15. TEXT REPEATED Now you have 3 minutes to check your answers. PAUSE 3 MINUTES This is the end of the listening comprehension task.